Processing: Process control: Basic principles, on/off control, feedback and feedforward control, PID control, case studies. Sensors and actuators: Sensors for pressure, flow, and liquid level; Pumps and valves; Chemical sensors for process monitoring. Chemical reactors: Reactor types – batch reactors, plug flow reactors, continuous stirred-tank reactors, semi-batch reactors; Non-ideal flow and residence time distribution; Scale-up issues. Important processes in pharmaceutical manufacturing: Crystallisation, Filtration, Centrifugation, Drying, Milling, Blending. Tablet production processes: Properties and functions of tableting excipients; Wet and dry granulation; Tableting machines. PAT: Chemo-metrics, to introduce the learner to the theory and application of chemo-metrics, concepts and strategies. To illustrate how using multivariate statistics, applied mathematics and computer science in combination can lead to the ability to measure chemical and biological processes or issues in real time. (Sampling) To demonstrate how and when to sample a chemical or biological process. As well as define how sampling techniques such as bootstrap permutation and cross-validation can be used to verify the performance of PAT analytical methods. To provide the learner with the skills and ability to use spectroscopic data to produce mathematical models. As well as the rationale to select appropriate data models, calibrate instrumentation and identify outliers or spurious data points. Finally the process and procedures required to develop and validate PAT methods will be described and demonstrated in both theoretical and laboratory settings.